Transcript For Presentation:
INTRODUCTION
Today I am going to be discussing single camera production, this is when a film, television series, music video or any form of media is shot using one camera for the whole production. The advantages of using one camera for film production is that it makes the cost much lower. Because the amount of equipment and staff is lowered there are less people to pay. Every single camera man, lighting unit and sound unit will cost more money so when you only have one it reduces the price dramatically. The second advantage that I am going to discuss is you gain more control of the aesthetic you want to achieve. This is due to the fact of there is only one person filming meaning that for each shot you can decide what lighting and sound you would like, I believe this makes the production more personal. The third advantage is that you will not need the whole cast of actors on stage at once, as there is only one camera it means the actors can have a break. This usually means that they can perform to a higher standard with more energy resulting in a higher quality production. the final advantage that I am going to speak about is that you are not limited on how much space you need for a shot, as there is only one camera man he can move around as much as he wants, this can result in a more interesting perspective for the audience. However, although there may be many advantages there are also some drawbacks to single camera production. One that I believe is very important is because you have to film the shot many times from different angles you run the risk of the reaction not looking as realistic or loosing continuity. This can make the film loose affect as a forced reaction can make the audience lose any sense of immersion that had within the show. The next disadvantage is that the whole production will take much longer to film and edit. As you have to film each shot multiple times there is far more footage that needs to be cut down and edited in order to create a good show. This doesn't only make the editing process longer but the whole filming process.
BREAKING BAD:
format and genre
The first production I am going to discuss is breaking bad. The genre of “Breaking Bad”is Crime drama Thriller Neo-Western Black comedy. This means that the series will have themes of illegal activity with dark and humorous wit, that supplies some sort of comedic relief. The reason that I can tell “Breaking Bad” has elements of crime drama thriller, is because from the first episode of season one we see our main character, Walter White, making and distributing crystal meth in order to support his family, after he finds out he has cancer. This on its own sets up. a dark and exhilarating series full of twists and turns. The neo-western black comedy elements are demonstrated through the constant demonstration of Walter White's loss of identity. For the comedy aspect of the series you have to look much deeper than surface level to find the funny anecdotes, however, one example is having the bright and colorful“Los Pollos Hermanos” (the fried chicken fast food shop) which was used to cover up a massive meth industry, the dramatic contrast is ironic and that is what makes it funny.
The format of “Breaking Bad” is a series. This is a show that has multiple episodes that are released throughout the year, they can have a closed ending or an open one that leads into a 2nd series. In this case breaking bad continued to have 5 series, that concluded with an open ending. This allows for the possibility of a spin of series or a film to follow up the story.
narrative structure
The narrative structure for “Breaking Bad”is that it has a non-linear structure. This is when the structure of the film is disrupted, technique such as flashbacks, dream immersion and parallel plot lines.This structure has the potential to be confusing but effective. because if it is done well it will keep the audience intrigued throughout the show. It also includes techniques such as flash backs, this is when it goes to a past timeline that happened earlier in the film. This can be a very effective way of keeping the target audience engaged, this is due to the fact that you are constantly being showed past information that helps you piece together the storyline, the audience has to work with the series and focus in order to understand what is happening. An example of a flashback with in “Breaking Bad”is in season two, we are introduced to the motif of the pink teddy bear.
We also see this teddy bear in four separate flash forwards that help add to the ambiguity of the the television show. This bear is symbolic of how Walter actions affect his family and community throughout the series.
technical elements
There are many different technical elements that are used within “Breaking Bad”. The first ones that I am going to discuss today is the lighting. The moment I am going to discuss is Skyler's Pool scene. In this particular scene Walters wife Skyler is the only person in his family who knows about him cooking meth, she is panicking about the safety of her children and about what her husband has chosen to do to make money. The scene opens with the family sitting around the table eating dinner, the lighting is soft and low key, this was created using soft box’s, diffusers and practicals The practicals in this scene are the lamps on the table and the fairy lights, they help create a relaxed and intimate atmosphere. This atmosphere quickly changes as skyler approaches the pool, once again the lighting is still soft but it is high key lighting rather then lowkey. This creates more shadows and darkness in the scene making a bigger contrast and a more foreboding feel. The pool is also a part of practical lighting due to its bright glowing quality. To achieve this bright blue glow, blue gel lights and reflectors were used around the pool.
Once Skyler submerges herself in the water back floodlights are used to make her look ethereal and pure. In this scene the pool is very symbolic, the color of the water is a very bright blue, the same color as the meth that Walter makes.
When Skyler is submerged in the pool water it demonstrates how she is trapped in this world of crime and meth and she can not escape. The next thing that I am going to discuss are the shots used in this scene.. Before Skyler gets into the pool the shot zooms into her face and every time the camera comes back onto her it zooms in further. This helps to increase the intensity and tension in the scene. When it comes to the editing style of this scene multiple different techniques are used, it starts with a shot-reverse-shot focussing on skyler's face. You can still see Walt in the background, he is the person speaking. It then quickly changes to a POV shot from Skylers perspective of looking at the pool. It changes between these two shot styles throughout this scene, creating an easy to follow yet very intense scene. The diegetic sound which is the actors speaking is accompanied by non-diegetic music that creates an extremely ominous tone. It helps make it more dramatic. The final thing I am going to discuss is the scripting for this scene, the first thing I notice is that Skyler is wearing a blue dress and as I mentioned earlier blue is a motif throughout the breaking bad series. It shows how trapped Skyer is in this world of drugs and crime. The set of this scene is in Skyler and Walters back garden, this helps set the idea that they are a normal suburban family, which is obviously the complete opposite to what they are. They is contrast is shown throughout the whole series weather it be in set, lighting or costume.
IT'S ALWAYS SUNNY IN PHILADELPHIA:
format and genre:
The format of “It’s always sunny in Philadelphia” is an American sitcom series. I was debating on weather or not it was a serial over a series due to the huge amount of series it has released. However, because like I said before there are individual series and it is not running all year round I determined it was a series over a serial. The reason this is a series is because it the same character with a different narrative each episode rather than a serial which is the same characters with a continuing narrative throughout each episode.
The genre is defined as a sitcom or dark comedy. this is because not only does this series include the same characters in different situations but the comedy can be vulgar and cover topics that are taboo and seen as bad to make fun of. An example of this is in episode 3 season 2 “Dennis and Dee Go on Welfare, in this episode two of the main protagonists become addicted to crack cocaine on purpose in order to receive benefits. This type of dark humor keeps it audience constantly engaged and asking the question, how much worse can it get?
narrative structure:
The narrative structure of “It’s Always Sunny In Philadelphia” is linear. This means that the episodes usually follow chronological order, however, sometimes a flashback will occur to supply contextual information or for just a funny anecdote. For example, in episode 5 season 8 “The Gang Gets Analyzed”All the protagonists attend one of Dee’s therapy appointments, they all reminisce on different events in the form of flashbacks before coming to an outrageous conclusion in the only way that its always sunny can.
I believe that this television follows the 5 step rule. This narrative can be broken down into five steps. The first step is exposition, this is where we are introduced to the story, characters and setting. We are told any important information. The second step is development, in this stage things is the story begin to change as the story starts to progress. The next step is complication, you can think of this as something that changes what is going on for the main protagonist. Step four is the climax, the story comes to the pinnacle where everything is on the line. Finally, step five the resolution. The story is resolved and the outcome of the actions are revealed. For example in series 3 episode 5 "The Aluminum Monster Vs Fatty Magoo" in the expedition we are introduced to all the characters we know and love (Mac, Dee, Charlie,Dennis and Frank) as well as someone new; Ingrid Nelson , Dee meets her in a boutique shop (the setting) where we find out she is her old fat friend who has now lost the weight and become beautiful. We then go into the development, in which Dee decides to get into the fashion industry to knock Ingrid down a few pegs. While this is all going on Dennis also decides to go into fashion as well, but due to his comical misogynistic nature, he quickly get fixated on finding the perfect female model to wear his new clothing items. Then we have the complication, the manufacture of the dresses are made in a sweatshop underneath the Paddy's bar (the bar that Mac, Dee, Charlie, Dennis and Frank own). As Well as this Charlie ends up working in the sweatshop and seems to be driven mad by it. Next is the Climax in which Dee attempts to get Ingrid arrested she accuses her of buying dresses from the sweatshop underneath Paddy's. After going to the conclusion that she didn't buy clothing from a sweatshop all is resolved this is step 5, the resolution.
I believe that this television follows the 5 step rule. This narrative can be broken down into five steps. The first step is exposition, this is where we are introduced to the story, characters and setting. We are told any important information. The second step is development, in this stage things is the story begin to change as the story starts to progress. The next step is complication, you can think of this as something that changes what is going on for the main protagonist. Step four is the climax, the story comes to the pinnacle where everything is on the line. Finally, step five the resolution. The story is resolved and the outcome of the actions are revealed. For example in series 3 episode 5 "The Aluminum Monster Vs Fatty Magoo" in the expedition we are introduced to all the characters we know and love (Mac, Dee, Charlie,Dennis and Frank) as well as someone new; Ingrid Nelson , Dee meets her in a boutique shop (the setting) where we find out she is her old fat friend who has now lost the weight and become beautiful. We then go into the development, in which Dee decides to get into the fashion industry to knock Ingrid down a few pegs. While this is all going on Dennis also decides to go into fashion as well, but due to his comical misogynistic nature, he quickly get fixated on finding the perfect female model to wear his new clothing items. Then we have the complication, the manufacture of the dresses are made in a sweatshop underneath the Paddy's bar (the bar that Mac, Dee, Charlie, Dennis and Frank own). As Well as this Charlie ends up working in the sweatshop and seems to be driven mad by it. Next is the Climax in which Dee attempts to get Ingrid arrested she accuses her of buying dresses from the sweatshop underneath Paddy's. After going to the conclusion that she didn't buy clothing from a sweatshop all is resolved this is step 5, the resolution.
technical elements:
The first thing that I am going to discuss in regards to "It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia" is the lighting. They usually use lots of low key lighting when they are shooting scenes in the bar. This is because they want to give the idea that the bar is a dingy and unpleasant place to be, by creating lots of shadows it creates a dark and dank atmosphere.When the show is shooting outside they use natural and ambient lighting. Ambient lighting is the light that is in the shot before any artificial lights are added this could be natural lighting or lightning from a streetlight in the background of the shot. The next technical element I am going to talk about is the editing , I believe they use two styles of editing continuity editing, this is potentially the most realistic style of editing, it goes from scene to scene without leaving the audience confused or questioning what is going on. The next style that I think is used is shot reverse shot, this is when the camera is usually filmed from over the shoulder and shows the character who is speaking. This editing technique usually will allow the audience to follow the story easily without confusion.The reason I believe this is because through out all of the episodes that I have seen, the editing style has been basic and helps make the show easy to follow.However in certain episodes such as season 3 episode 2 "The gang gets invincible" Frank takes multiple tabs of acid and starts tripping extremely hard, the editing style quickly changes to a POV shot in which we see things through franks eyes.
The sound within "It's Always sunny in Philadelphia" uses both diegetic and nondiegetic sound throughout the different episodes. Diegetic sound is any noise created by something that is in the shot, non diegetic sound is any noise that is added into the scene later through editing. Something that could be added as non diegetic sound is sound effects, this is an artificial sound that is added into a scene to either make something more or less dramatic. In season 3 episode 2 the diegetic sound is the dialogue between characters, but when one of the main protagonists is tricked into taking the psychedelic drug acid, non diegetic noises such as music and a voice over that shows his though track is played over the scene.
GAME OF THRONES
Genre and format:
The genre of "Game Of Thrones" is a Fantasy and the format is a serail. The reason I decided that the genre of this television program is fantasy is because it is set in another world, it has non realistic creatures such as dragons and it is set in a medieval time period. Other themes of magic are included as well, and all when all of these features come together it creates a mystical fantasy world. This show is a serial because it follows the same characters in each episode that all have the same narrative that continues throughout the show, apposed to a series which is similar because it has the same character in each episode but is different because in a series the narrative changes each episode.
narrative structure:
The narrative structure for game of thrones is linear. This means that it follows the story in chronological order, with no flashbacks or flash-forwards. It follows the traditional three-act structure. The first act is the beginning of the story, the setting and characters are introduced to the audience. In the second act, the hero of the story has challenges that face him/her, it becomes more complex. In the third and final act, the story concludes and everything is resolved. One thing that I do not necessarily think that "Game of Thrones" follows in relation to this structure is that everything is resolved at the end. Quite often the season will have an open ending that allows for a next season to commence. Theses kind of cliffhangers allows for the target audience to anticipate the next series, building excitement and intrigue for example, in series six episode ten "mother's mercy" one of the main protagonists Jon Snow is brutally murdered by one of the Night's Watch. These kinds of end to an episode will keep audiences all over the world captivated and asking for more. This is called an open ending, it allows for another series or episode to come out and reveal what happened next.
Technical elements:
There are many different technical elements that are used with "Game of Thrones", in order for me to analyze them I am going to discuss the trailer for season 8. It opens with a close-up shot of one of the characters face (Arya Stark) , she is distressed and it gives the audience an immediate sense that this is going to be a dark series. Something else that also gives the effect ids the pretty consistent use of lowkey lighting throughout the trailer. This kind of lighting creates a high contrast with lots of shadows, it helps to create an ominous and foreboding tone. However there are moments within the trailer that uses a higher key style of lighting, for example, 35 seconds into the trailer it changes to a wide shot of a castle, there are far less contrast and shadows it could almost be natural lighting that makes the castle seem important and regal. For the scripting of the show, they have chosen costume that relates to the setting of the show. Although it is not set in the world we know we can see some historical similarities that suggest it is set roughly in 1337-1445, therefor the costumes and props must emulate that time period. For example, we see throughout this advertisement the use of props that help build the sense that we have gone back in time, such as they use fire torches instead of lights, this lets the audience know that it takes place before the invention of electricity. The costumes are all medieval style or suits of armor which I believe correlates perfectly with the era it is set in.The dietetic sounds with in this trailer is the dialogue that occurs between different characters, the non diegetic sounds that are in the traior are the sound effects and the backing tack, they help build the tension and anticipation for the new season.
The sound within "It's Always sunny in Philadelphia" uses both diegetic and nondiegetic sound throughout the different episodes. Diegetic sound is any noise created by something that is in the shot, non diegetic sound is any noise that is added into the scene later through editing. Something that could be added as non diegetic sound is sound effects, this is an artificial sound that is added into a scene to either make something more or less dramatic. In season 3 episode 2 the diegetic sound is the dialogue between characters, but when one of the main protagonists is tricked into taking the psychedelic drug acid, non diegetic noises such as music and a voice over that shows his though track is played over the scene.
GAME OF THRONES
Genre and format:
The genre of "Game Of Thrones" is a Fantasy and the format is a serail. The reason I decided that the genre of this television program is fantasy is because it is set in another world, it has non realistic creatures such as dragons and it is set in a medieval time period. Other themes of magic are included as well, and all when all of these features come together it creates a mystical fantasy world. This show is a serial because it follows the same characters in each episode that all have the same narrative that continues throughout the show, apposed to a series which is similar because it has the same character in each episode but is different because in a series the narrative changes each episode.
narrative structure:
The narrative structure for game of thrones is linear. This means that it follows the story in chronological order, with no flashbacks or flash-forwards. It follows the traditional three-act structure. The first act is the beginning of the story, the setting and characters are introduced to the audience. In the second act, the hero of the story has challenges that face him/her, it becomes more complex. In the third and final act, the story concludes and everything is resolved. One thing that I do not necessarily think that "Game of Thrones" follows in relation to this structure is that everything is resolved at the end. Quite often the season will have an open ending that allows for a next season to commence. Theses kind of cliffhangers allows for the target audience to anticipate the next series, building excitement and intrigue for example, in series six episode ten "mother's mercy" one of the main protagonists Jon Snow is brutally murdered by one of the Night's Watch. These kinds of end to an episode will keep audiences all over the world captivated and asking for more. This is called an open ending, it allows for another series or episode to come out and reveal what happened next.
Technical elements:
There are many different technical elements that are used with "Game of Thrones", in order for me to analyze them I am going to discuss the trailer for season 8. It opens with a close-up shot of one of the characters face (Arya Stark) , she is distressed and it gives the audience an immediate sense that this is going to be a dark series. Something else that also gives the effect ids the pretty consistent use of lowkey lighting throughout the trailer. This kind of lighting creates a high contrast with lots of shadows, it helps to create an ominous and foreboding tone. However there are moments within the trailer that uses a higher key style of lighting, for example, 35 seconds into the trailer it changes to a wide shot of a castle, there are far less contrast and shadows it could almost be natural lighting that makes the castle seem important and regal. For the scripting of the show, they have chosen costume that relates to the setting of the show. Although it is not set in the world we know we can see some historical similarities that suggest it is set roughly in 1337-1445, therefor the costumes and props must emulate that time period. For example, we see throughout this advertisement the use of props that help build the sense that we have gone back in time, such as they use fire torches instead of lights, this lets the audience know that it takes place before the invention of electricity. The costumes are all medieval style or suits of armor which I believe correlates perfectly with the era it is set in.The dietetic sounds with in this trailer is the dialogue that occurs between different characters, the non diegetic sounds that are in the traior are the sound effects and the backing tack, they help build the tension and anticipation for the new season.
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